Rebel forces in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo have solidified control over the coltan-rich Rubaya mining region, generating an estimated $300,000 in monthly revenue through a production tax, according to a report presented to the United Nations Security Council on Monday.
The M23 movement, a Tutsi-led group allegedly backed by Rwanda, seized the strategically important area following heavy clashes in April. The minerals mined there are vital for producing smartphones and computers.
Bintou Keita, head of the U.N. mission in Congo, informed the Security Council that the Rubaya region’s trade contributes over 15% of the global supply of tantalum, a critical mineral for modern electronics. As the world’s leading producer of tantalum, the Democratic Republic of Congo holds significant geopolitical and economic importance.
“This is generating an estimated $300,000 monthly for the armed group,” Keita said. “This is deeply concerning and must be stopped.”
Keita expressed alarm over the impact of rebel activities on the region’s resources, noting that the illicit trade is fueling the conflict. “The smuggling of the DRC’s natural resources is strengthening armed groups, exploiting civilians, many of whom are in de facto slavery, and undermining peace efforts,” she added.
Eastern Congo, home to the bulk of the country’s mineral wealth, remains mired in violent conflict over land and resources between various armed groups. The region has seen increased instability since the M23 rebellion resurfaced in March 2022, resulting in thousands of deaths and the displacement of over a million people.
International manufacturers are facing growing pressure to ensure that metals like those mined in eastern Congo are not sourced from conflict zones. Keita warned that rebel factions have transformed into militarized entrepreneurs, amassing wealth and power from the booming mining trade.
“Without international sanctions on those profiting from this illegal trade, peace will remain elusive, and the suffering of civilians will continue,” Keita concluded.
